Hybridization 5 tricks

Why Hybridisation ?

Hybridization was introduced to explain molecular structure when the valence bond theory(VBT) failed to correctly predict them. As, According to VBT, carbon should form two covalent bonds(as only two unpaired valence electrons it has), resulting in a CH2. However, experiments have shown that CH2 is highly reactive and cannot exist outside of a rkn, i.e VBT doesn't explain how CH4 can exist. As acc to VBT for formation of four bonds the configuration of carbon must have four unpaired electrons.

Hybridisation:-

The term Hybridization was given by chemist pauling. It is a hypothetical term, which describe the intermixing of  two or more different atomic orbitals( of same element) of approximately equal energy or shape, to form the same number of new localised hybrid orbitals (after mixing of atomic orbitals the new orbitals which is formed, is known as hybrid orbitals) which taken part in intermixing, this phenomenon is called Hybridization(in American assent)/Hybridisation(in British assent).

Hybridisation of molecules

Important points:-

• Number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbitals participating in the hybridization.
• Hybrid orbitals have same energy(irrespective for atomic orbitals).
• In case of hybrid orbitals, the extent of overlapping with another atomic orbital is greater than the normal s, p, d or f orbitals individually.
• Hybrid orbitals forms always sigma bonds.
  
• shape of hybrid orbitals is similar to the p-orbital whereas one of the lobe is larger in size.
• During compound/molecule formation hybrid orbitals of central atom overlaps with atomic orbital of surrounding atom(resulting sigma bond formation).

Tricks to find hybrdisation:-

1. By ............... method

      Here a formula is introduced hybridization=lp+bp

2.

3.

4. By Rakesh arya(teacher)

 Steps:-

1. Calculate total Valence electron(V.E) of compound(element).
2. If total V.E is greater than 8, divide total V.E by 8.
3. If total V.E is less than or equal to 8, divide by 2.
4. Finally find the sum of total quotient.

•  If sum=2; sp, hybridization.
•  If sum=3; sp2, hybridization.
•  If sum=4; sp3, hybridization.
•  If sum=5; sp3d, hybridization.
•  If sum=6; sp3d2, hybridization.

Examples:-

1. NH3

     Total V.E=5+3=8, so divide it by 2 then quotient is 4,

       So sp3 hybridization.

2. PCl5

     Total V.E=5+5×7=40, so divide it by 8 then quotient is 5,

       So sp3d hybridization

3. I(O)3- upload a photo where.........

5. For Complex Compound

Steps:-

1. Calculate